Evaluating the Effectiveness of Vitamins E and C in Mitigating the Toxic Effects of Zinc Oxide Bulk and Nanoparticles on Fish: A Review

Document Type : Review/Systematic

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National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Fresh Water Division, Egypt.

Abstract

Nanotechnology has noticeably developed with diverse applications in every science, especially using nanomaterial. The development of nanotechnology also hurts the environment as many nanoparticles are discharged into the aquatic environment and cause a serious effect on living organisms. Aquatic animals, particularly fish could serve as biological indicators for ecosystem health. The present study investigated the effect of vitamin (E + C) addition on fish exposed to nanoparticles. The previous studies on the impact of zinc oxide (bulk and nanoparticles) of fish in aquatic ecosystems showed that there were clear differences between the accumulation of zinc oxide bulk particles (ZnOBPs) compared to nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Fish exposed to ZnONPs showed a higher accumulation potency in tissues than in ZnOBPs. Also, the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes, biochemical parameters and proximate chemical composition were affected by exposure to nanoparticles. On the other hand, dietary supplementation with vitamins (E and C) resulted in protective effects against these toxic effects in fish.

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