1.    Submission 
Papers for consideration should be submitted via an electronic submission system 

Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. 

1.1         Cover letter guidance

A cover letter (sometimes referred to as a justification letter) is an excellent opportunity for you to promote your work to the editor and reviewers. This is a chance for you to explain the importance of the work submitted and why it is most suitable for the journal.

Things to consider:

• make sure you state the correct journal name
• address your letter to the Editor in Chief.
• the corresponding author attests to the fact that those named as co-authors have agreed to its submission for publication and accepts the responsibility for having properly included all (and only) co-authors
• include a concise statement about the importance and/or impact of your work
• avoid repeating information that is already in your abstract or introduction
• check your spelling
• don’t include preferred/non-preferred reviewers in your letter as these should be entered in the manuscript submission system only. 

1.2         Manuscript types

Research Papers should report the results of original research. The material should not have been previously published elsewhere. Articles are expected to contribute new information (e.g. novel methods of analysis with added new insights and impacts) to the knowledge base in the field, not just to confirm previously published work.

2- Review Articles can cover either narrow disciplinary subjects or broad issues requiring interdisciplinary discussion. They should provide objective critical evaluation of a defined subject. Reviews should not consist solely of a summary of published data. Evaluation of the quality of existing data, the status of knowledge, and the research required to advance knowledge of the subject are essential.

3- Short Communications are used to communicate results which represent a major breakthrough or startling new discovery and which should therefore be published quickly. They should not be used for preliminary results. Papers must contain sufficient data to establish that the research has achieved reliable and significant results.

4- Technical Papers should present new methods and procedures for either research methodology or culture-related techniques.

Declaration of interest

All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work.

Changes to authorship

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended.

Language 
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). 

Use of word processing software 

It is important that the file is saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article 

1.3              Structure of the manuscript   

Subdivision - numbered sections

Divide your article into clearly defined and sections. The heading format of sections and subsections must follow the template.

Essential title page information

Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

Author names and affiliations. Clearly, indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transcription. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.

Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials.  Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author. 

Abstract 
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided. Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided. The abstract should be not longer than 400 words.

Keywords 
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 4-6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms. Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

Introduction 
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods 

Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.

Results 
Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion 

This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Conclusions 
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a part of the Discussion.

   Appendices

If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly, for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

1.3.10 Conflict of interest

Please note that Conflicts of interest statement is required for all submitted manuscripts. If no conflicts exist, please state that ‘There are no conflicts to declare' under a Conflicts of interest heading as the last section before your Acknowledgements.

1.3.11 Funding sources

List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements: Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]. If no funding has been provided for the research, please include the following sentence: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

1.3.12 Acknowledgements

Acknowledgments will be in a separate section at the end of the article before the references. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

1.4      References

References must follow the format as specified in this guide. Your manuscript will be returned if the format of the references is not correct. Avoid citing references in the abstract and please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

1.4.1    Citation in text

References are written in the text by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.

Example: '..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ....'

1.4.2    In list

Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear

in the text. Examples:

Reference to a journal publication:

 [1] A. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, The Journal of Science Communication. 163 (2010) 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.

Reference to a book:

[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, fourth ed., Longman, New York, 2000.

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:

[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z.Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 2009, pp. 281–304.

Reference to a website:

[4] Cancer Research UK, Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/

aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/, 2003 (accessed 13 March 2003).

1.5         Graphical abstract

The graphical abstract, no larger than 8 cm x 4 cm should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts are optional and can be submitted as a separate file.

1.6         Highlights 

Highlights are mandatory. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). 

Referee

Authors are required to provide at least three international reviewers (including their affiliation and email address). 

Preparation of manuscripts

Authors should consult a recent issue of the Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries for details of style and presentation. If their manuscript does not follow the format of the Journal, it will be returned to them unreviewed. Manuscripts must be double-spaced throughout; all pages must be numbered, including tables, figure legends and reference lists. Use font size ≥ 12 Times New Roman. Do not save files in PDF (portable document format) format. Title page (as a separate page), Abstract and Key Words (as a separate page), Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion (a combined Results and Discussion is not acceptable and Conclusions as a heading is only acceptable in Review Papers), Acknowledgements, References, Tables (with captions), Figure captions, Arabic summary. All Latin words should be in italics.  Do not duplicate information in tables and figures, or vice versa or in text and figures. Do not repeat table headings and figure legends in the text. Punctuation should be consistent and only a single space inserted between words and after punctuation. Text should be typed without end of line hyphenation, except for compound words. Names of genera, species and subspecies must be typed in italics followed by the authority when the name is first mentioned in the text. Generic names should be written out when first mentioned in the text then their abbreviations are used with the specific name. 

Formatting of funding sources 

List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa]. 

Nomenclature and units 

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). 

Math formulae 

Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics.
Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which they are first used. In chemical formulae, the valence of ions should be given as e.g. Ca²⁺ and not Ca⁺⁺. Isotope numbers should precede the symbols, e.g., ¹⁸O. The repeated writing of chemical formulae in the text is to be avoided where reasonably possible; instead, the name of the compound should be given in full. Exceptions may be made in the case of a very long name occurring very frequently or in the case of a compound being described as the end product of a gravimetric determination (e.g., phosphate as P₂O₅).

illustrations
Photographs should be selected only to illustrate something that cannot adequately be displayed in any other manner. Magnification should be given in actual terms and all stains used should be described in full. Number figures consecutively using Arabic numerals [Fig. 1, 2, etc.: subdivide by (a), (b), etc.], in order of their mention in the text. A fully descriptive caption must be provided for every figure and the complete list of captions typed together on a separate page. Captions must not be included on the figures. All relevant information, e.g. keys to the symbols and formulae, should be included in the caption. Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF or  JPEG) and with the correct resolution. The Color or grayscale photographs should be in TIFF (or JPEG) format and keep to a minimum of 300 dpi. 

Tables

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.

References

Citation in text                                             
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication. 

Reference formatting 

The reference style used by the journal is author(s) name(s), year of publication, journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, volume number/book chapter and the pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. Note that missing data will be highlighted at the proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should be arranged according to the following examples:

Reference style 

In-Text: All citations in the text are written in bold and should refer to: 
1. Single author: the author's surname (without initials) and the year of publication Ex: 'as demonstrated by Allan (2000a, 2000b).  
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication Ex: (Allan and Jones, 1999).
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al. (italic)' and the year of publication Ex: Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown ....' 

Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed chronologically. 
In List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication. 
Examples: 
Reference to a journal publication: 

Radwan, A. R. and Latfy, I. M. (2002). On the pollution of Burullus lake water and aedimemts by heavy metals Egypt. Aquat. Biol. Fish., 6(4): 147 – 164.

Van der Geer, J.; Hanraads, J.A.J. and Lupton, R.A. (2010). The art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci. Commun., 163: 51–59. 

Reference to a book: 

Strunk, Jr. W. and White, E.B. (2000). The Elements of Style, fourth ed. Longman, New York.

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:

Mettam, G.R. and Adams, L.B. (2009). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: "Introduction to the Electronic Age." Jones, B.S.& Smith, R.Z. (Eds.).E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304.

After acceptance

Online proof correction

Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as the inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.