Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Azolla Pinnata in Preventing Clarias Gariepinus Infection with Aeromonas Hydrophila

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.

2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni- Suef 62511, Egypt

Abstract

To counteract the infection caused by the Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) pathogen, current study suggests adding Azolla pinnata-biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AP-AgNPs) to fish diet. Clarias gariepinus were kept in four experimental groups: groups 1 and 2 were raised on supplemental diets at 0.6 and 0.3 mg AP-AgNPs/kg feed, whereas groups 3 and 4 were the positive and negative controls, respectively, and were fed non-supplemented feed. Following a 21-day feeding trial, lethal dose of A. hydrophila isolated from local outbreak with LD50 of 1.5×106 was administered to all groups (except the control negative). Following bacterial challenge, fish sera were biochemically investigated. Additionally, transcriptional investigations of particular immune and antioxidant-associated genes in the anterior kidneys were performed at all levels before and right after A. hydrophila challenge. Results demonstrated that fish groups treated with 0.6 and 0.3 mg AP-AgNPs/kg feed displayed survival rates of 72.22% and 44.44% against A. hydrophila with normal serum levels of both hepatic and renal indictors. However, groups 1 and 2 showed a modest increase in serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol when compared to control negative. Further, especially following the challenge, higher serum levels of the measured lysozyme (LZM) and complement 3 (C3) were noted. Additionally, gene expression investigations revealed that the anterior kidneys of the experimental fish had up-regulated transcriptional levels of the IL-1β, MHC-IA, GPX, and SOD1 genes. This signifies that African catfish fed supplemental diet containing 0.6 mg of AP-AgNPs/kg of feed for three weeks had a higher intrinsic immune responses.

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